限食对树麻雀能量代谢及消化道形态结构的影响

Influence of Diet Restriction on the Energy Metabolism and Digestive Tract Morphology in Passer montanus

摘要:

为探讨限食对树麻雀(Passer montanus)生理生化指标和消化道形态的影响，按其体重随机分为对照组（I组）、半饥饿组（II组）和1/4饥饿组（III组）进行驯化，驯化结束后测定其体质量、器官鲜质量、基础代谢率(BMR)、体脂质量分数、糖原含量、消化能、消化率和消化道长度、绒毛高度、宽度、粘膜层厚度及肠壁截面积．研究发现，随着限食程度的加大，II组和III组的体质量、BMR、体脂质量分数、糖原含量、消化道绒毛高度、宽度及肠壁截面积与I组相比呈降低趋势，器官鲜质量、消化能、消化率、消化道长度呈升高趋势．表明限食是影响树麻雀消化道形态改变的重要环境因子之一；在限食条件下，树麻雀通过降低体质量，增加摄入能、改变消化道形态结构，消耗体内的能量储备和减少基础能耗来缓解食物短缺的生存压力．

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence of diet restriction on the physiological and biochemical indexes and digestive tract morphology in tree sparrow (Passer montanus). According to body weight, the sparrows were divided into the control group (groupⅠ), semi starvation group (groupⅡ), and 1/4 starvation group (group Ⅲ) , respectively. After hunger domestication, the body weight, fresh weight of organ, basal metabolic rate (BMR), body fat mass fraction, glycogen content, digestive energy, digestibility，the structure of digestive tract，such as length, villous height, villous width, mucous membrane layer thickness and the cross-sectional of intestinal wall were determined. The study found that with the increase of food restriction degree, the body weight, BMR fraction, body fat mass fraction, glycogen content, villus height, width and the cross-sectional area of the digestive tract showed a decline trend when compared with the groupⅠ, while the organ fresh weight, digestive energy, digestibility and digestive tract length have a trend of increasing. These results indicate that diet restriction is one of the important environmental factors that affect the morphology of digestive tract in tree sparrow. Under the condition of food restriction, tree sparrows reduce the body mass, increase energy intake, modify the structure of digestive tract, consume energy reserve of the body and reduce energy consumption to alleviate the survival pressure caused by food shortages.