公路对九寨沟县华西箭竹生长状况的影响

The Influence of Road on the Growth Status of Fargesia nitida in Jiuzhaigou County

摘要:

道路对动植物及生态系统都可能造成一定程度的影响。为了解公路对大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）主食竹生长状况的影响，2014年在四川省九寨沟县大熊猫栖息地内的公路网中，设置距公路不同距离的调查样方，测量华西箭竹（Fargesia nitida）成竹的株高、基径、密度及环境因子等。研究结果显示：在距离道路垂直距离0-500m范围的5个梯度间，华西箭竹的株高、基径无显著差异，但密度差异显著；在0-100m的5个距离组间，华西箭竹的株高、基径和密度均无显著差异。华西箭竹株高、基径、密度与距公路距离均无显著相关性。华西箭竹株高主要与草本高度、苔藓层盖度和腐殖质盖度显著相关，基径主要与苔藓厚度显著相关，密度主要与上层植被盖度和草本层高度显著相关，即箭竹的生长状况主要受环境因子的影响。虽然公路运营对华西箭竹生长状况无显著影响，但公路建设对道路旁的竹类损毁严重，包括人为砍伐、家畜啃食与践踏等。

Abstract:

Roads have influence on flora, fauna and ecosystems to some extent. In order to ascertain the impacts of roads on the growing status of diet bamboo of pandas, 177 quadrats (1m×1m) were sampled by the different distances from the road to measure the height, basal diameter, and the density of Fargesia nitida and other environmental factors such as herbage height, moss coverage and humus coverage in the habitats of the Giant Panda in Jiuzhaigou County in 2014. The results showed that in 5 gradients which defined by vertical distance from roads under 500m, there are no significant differences in average height and basal diameter of F. nitida except average density; in 5 gradients under 100m, there are no significant differences in all these three factors. The average height, basal diameter and density are not significantly positively correlated to the distance from the road. The height was correlated to the herbage height, moss coverage and humus coverage significantly; the basal diameter was correlated to moss thickness significantly; and the density was correlated to the upper vegetation coverage and herbage coverage significantly, which illustrate that the growing status of Fargesia nitida was mainly affected by multiple environmental factors. Even though the road operation has no significant effect on the growth conditions of Fargesia nitida, still, the bamboos near the road are severely damaged by deforestation, as well as gnawing and trample of livestock that mainly brought by roads.