木本植物响应干旱胁迫的研究现状

Current research status of woody plants responding to drought stress

摘要:

为深入了解木本植物响应干旱胁迫的分子机理，本文系统的从木本植物对干旱信号的感知、信号转导到转录调控、生理生化反应以及表型变化等方面总结了木本植物对干旱胁迫可能的响应过程. 认为木本植物由于其固着根生的特点，不得不进化出相应的机制来应对不断变化的环境.当遭受干旱胁迫时，木本植物根系细胞膜上的感受器首先感知到土壤水分状态的变化，细胞内的蛋白质和激素调控系统触发相应的干旱适应反应.干旱信号通过细胞间的信号传导路径传递到植物体内的各个部位，主要的信号传导途径包括Ca2+信号、激素信号和转录因子调控等.一些关键基因和信号通路，如脱落酸（ABA）信号通路、DREB蛋白家族等也参与调控植物的干旱适应性.木本植物也会发生形态和解剖上的变化来减少水分蒸发和增强根系的吸水能力.本文可为抗旱型木本植物选育提供见解.

Abstract:

This paper systematically summarizes the possible response processes of woody plants to drought stress from the perception of drought signals, signal transduction to transcriptional regulation, physiological and biochemical responses, and phenotypic changes, with the aim of gaining a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of woody plants in response to drought stress. Woody plants are forced to evolve corresponding mechanisms to cope with the ever-changing environment due to their entrenched rhizosphere. When subjected to drought stress, the receptors on the cell membrane of the root system of woody plants first sense the changes in soil water status, and intracellular proteins and hormone regulatory systems in the cell trigger the corresponding drought adaptation responses. Drought signals are transmitted to various parts of the plant body through intercellular signaling pathways, and the main signaling pathways include Ca2+ signaling, hormone signaling, and transcription factor regulation. Some key genes and signaling pathways, such as the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and the DREB protein family, are also involved in the regulation of drought adaptation in plants. Woody plants also undergo morphological and anatomical changes to reduce water evaporation and enhance root water absorption capacity. This article can provide insights into the breeding of droughtresistant woody plants.