山桐子油的提取分离及理化性质研究

Extraction and physicochemical properties of Idesia polycarpa Maxim oil

摘要:

该文对桐子油的提取方法、提取试剂、脱色处理及油脂理化性质等对比与分析，并利用气相谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）分析山桐子油的脂肪酸组成和相对含量，同时，对山桐子油中多酚类物质的含量进行测定。结果显示，索氏提取法比传统压榨法的提取率更高，达35%以上，压榨法的提取率为21%，在索氏提取法中，对乙醚、石油醚和正己烷做了比较，利用石油醚提取，所得提取率均高于乙醚和正己烷，通过对油脂的提取，确定山桐子油的含油量大约为35%，经过对索提的山桐子油进行脱色处理，发现脱色率随着脱色温度的升高而增高，当脱色温度为80℃，脱色率已达45%左右，经鉴定山桐子油主要含有的脂肪酸有棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸及硬脂酸，其中亚油酸含量最高，可达60%以上。结论，山桐子含油量高，油脂中富含亚油酸，营养价值高，说明山桐子油具有可观的开发利用前景。

Abstract:

In this study, extraction method and decolorization as well as grease physical of the oil from the fruit of Idesia palycarpa were analyzed. The chemical compounds of the oil were separated and indentified by capillary GC-MS method. Meanwhile, the content of polyphenols from Idesia palycarpa oil were determined to provide the basis for the future development of the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. The results showed that the extraction rate by Soxhlet extraction was higher than the traditional press law, extraction rate reached 35%, while the traditional press law was 21%. Among diethyl ether, petroleum ether and n-hexane, the extraction rate by using petroleum ether with Soxhlet extraction was the highest. Through the extraction of oil, oil content of Idesia polycarpa was about 35%. Results also indicated that decolorization rate increased with the rise of the temperature, it has reached 45% while bleaching temperature up to 80℃. The main components of the oil were palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid, the content of linoleic acid was the highest, up to 60%. In general, Idesia palycarpa has high oil content, and rich in linoleic acid in the oil, the results showed that Idesia palycarpa oil has considerable prospects for the development.