双孢蘑菇担孢子60Co-γ射线诱变效应初步研究

The Preliminary Study on the Mutagenic Effects by 60Co-γ Rays to the Spores of Agaricus bisporus

摘要:

广泛栽培的白色双孢菇由于生物多样性匮乏导致育种难度很大。放射性同位素诱变在育种中得到应用，但在双孢菇育种中还未见报道。本文研究了放射性同位素60Co- γ不同辐照剂量对双孢菇担孢子的诱变效应，结果表明，试验设定的6个辐照剂量下，孢子致死率在50.6%～90.63%，,辐照处理后萌发孢子菌丝生长速度与对照有差异，且菌落出现一种新类型。辐照处理后分离出的66个异核单孢菌株，酯酶同工酶、过氧化物同工酶和多酚氧化酶同工酶都出现新条带。同工酶聚类结果，70个单孢试验菌株在0.87的相似水平上聚成18个群， 在0.95相似水平下聚类成25个群，3个对照菌株在一个群。研究结果显示，经放射性同位素60Co- γ辐照处理的双孢菇担孢子，萌发后出现较大变异，有可能创制出双孢菇新的育种材料乃至选育出双孢菇新品种。

Abstract:

The breeding of widely cultivated Agaricus bisporus white cultivar are difficult because of the scarcity of the biodiversity. Radioisotope mutagenesis has been applied in the breeding but not reported in Agaricus bisporus before. This paper reports the mutagenic effects on the basidiospores of Agaricus bisporus with different irradiation dosage of 60Co-γ ray. The results showed that the lethal rate of basidiospores was 50.6 % ~ 90.63 % under six irradiation dosages，and mutant isolates were different from control，and a new type of colony appeared. The 70 single spore isolates appeared new isoenzyme bands of esterase，peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. Based on the analysis of isoenzyme，all the 70 isolates were clustered into 18 groups at 0.87 and 25 groups at 0.95 similarity level，respectively, while the three control isolates were clustered into one class. All these results showed that 60Co-γ radiation treatment may create new breeding material or new cultivar.