四川省杜鹃属植物大数据的分析及园林推广优先应用种类的筛选

Big data analysis of Rhododendron in Sichuan and the screening of priority species for landscape application

摘要:

四川省是我国杜鹃属植物三大自然分布中心之一。为更好了解四川省杜鹃属植物概况，本研究构建了四川大学植物标本馆（SZ）杜鹃属植物标本信息数据库，并以此为基础，分别从种类、采集地、海拔、生活型等方面进行了统计和分析。结果表明，SZ有16077份杜鹃属植物腊叶标本，分别隶属于6个亚属14个组29个亚组260种（包含11亚种、29变种），其中有85种3亚种9变种为四川特有。模式标本158份，隶属于2亚属17种；新增16个种的四川省杜鹃属植物地理分布新记录。四川省15个市（州）75个县有杜鹃属植物分布，以凉山州、甘孜州、阿坝州、雅安市和乐山市分布种类最多，且以株高为1-3m的中高型杜鹃最为丰富。利用最大熵模型（MaxEnt）并结合园林应用价值筛选出四川省园林推广6个优先应用种类：黄花杜鹃、亮叶杜鹃、绒毛杜鹃、秀雅杜鹃、腋花杜鹃、凹叶杜鹃（四川特有种）。这些数据和分析为四川省杜鹃属植物的研究和管理提供了科学数据。

Abstract:

Sichuan is one of the three natural distribution centers of Rhododendron in China. To understand the current situation of Sichuan Rhododendron well, the Rhododendron plant specimen database was constructed based on Sichuan University Herbarium (SZ). Statistics and analyses were carried out from different aspects especially on species, collection site, altitude and life-form. The results showed that there were16077 specimens recorded, belonging to 260 species (include 11 subspecies, 29 varieties) in 29 subgroups, 14 groups and 6 subgenus, of which 99 species (include 9 varieties and 3 subspecies) endemic to Sichuan. There were 158 type specimens belonging to 17 species in 6 subgenus. In addition, 16 species of Rhododendron were reported as new record distribution to Sichuan. Rhododendron plants distributed in 75 counties and 15cities (Autonomous Prefecture) of Sichuan, mainly in Liangshan, Gan zi, A ba, Ya an and Le shan, which life type is 1-3 m in height. Six priority species for landscape application in Sichuan were screened by MaxEnt and landscape application value. They are R. lutescens, R. vernicosum, R. pachytrichum, R. concinnum, R. racemosum and R. davidsonianum. These data provide effective information for protective making plans and study work in Rhododendron.