考虑动态需求的多中心沿途补货冷链物流配送路径优化

Research on distribution routing optimization of multi-center cold chain logistics for replenishment along the way considering dynamic demand

摘要:

为提升冷链物流配送效率、降低物流成本，本文在综合考虑多配送中心、客户动态需求、沿途补货策略的前提下，建立以总配送成本和客户满意度最优为目标的冷链物流配送模型.模型采用主目标法处理客户满意度和成本之间的背反关系，将动态问题按照时间轴依次分解为一系列的静态调度子问题并考虑了5种配送成本.本文提出自适应大邻域搜索算法求解该模型，设计了三种破坏算子和三种修复算子，对小中大三种不同规模的算例进行测算.结果表明该算法在速度、精度和稳定性上表现良好，对求解此类问题有较好的适应性和准确性.与不考虑沿途补货策略的动态配送方案相比，沿途补货策略可使成本降低23.06%、客户满意度提升8.69%.结果表明提出的配送方案可很好地节约企业的配送资源、减少配送成本、增强竞争力.

Abstract:

To improve the efficiency of cold chain logistics distribution and reduce logistics cost, a cold chain logistics distribution model is established to optimize both total distribution cost and customer satisfaction on the premise of comprehensively considering multiple distribution centers, customers dynamic demand and strategy of replenishment along the way. A principal objective method is used to deal with the inverse relationship between customer satisfaction and cost, and the dynamic problem is decomposed into a series of static scheduling sub-problems according to the time axis with five kinds of distribution cost considered. An adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm is designed to solve the peoposed model with three kinds of damage operators and three repair operators. Small, medium and largescale examples are calculated respectively, the results show that the algorithm performs well in terms of speed, accuracy and stability, and moreover, is adaptable and accurate in solving such problems. Compared with the dynamic distribution scheme without considering strategy of replenishment along the way, the cost is reduced by 23.06% and the customer satisfaction is improved by 8.69% by the strategy of replenishment along the way, this confirms the proposed distribution scheme can save distribution resources, reduce distribution cost and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.