司法智能裁量系统：问题、措施及趋势

Judicial intelligent system: problems, measures and tendency

摘要:

法学与智能技术的深度结合应用于司法审判领域，可辅助司法纠错、优化决策、预警法律风险等，能够让司法实践提质增效，但在技术中立伪装下也可能带来司法偏见、失控与误导.本文首先论述了司法信息提取中的问题，提出通过增加法律文书说理部分和规范法律文本结构等提高司法信息有效性的具体措施.其次，提出司法裁量模型中应加入价值观念，并讨论了建立价值审核和监督机制与促进算法可解释性的具体路径，通过建立内外部监督机制，让司法智能裁量模型使用的背景、整体的价值观以及采用的规则可被法律人理解，才能让其真正服务于司法实践.最后，针对当前司法智能裁量系统建立的难点即类案推荐，分析了类案判定的困境，并在比较法律专家系统与基于当前智能技术的计算模型利弊的基础上，指出人机协作建立具有综合分析能力的认知系统是司法智能裁量系统的发展方向.

Abstract:

Legal system is a complex adaptive system, the deeply combination of law and intelligent technology can be applied in judicial justice, which can assist judicial error correction, make optimal decision, trigger erarly legal risks warning, etc., and can improve the quality and efficiency of judicial practice. But we also should pay more attention on the bias, loss of control and misdirection brought by technology to the legal field under the guise of technology neutrality. This paper firstly discusses the problems in the extraction of judicial information and puts forward some concrete measures to improve the effectiveness of semantic processing by adding the legal document reasoning part and standardizing the structure of legal text. Secondly, it proposes to add values into the judicial discretion model, and discusses the specific paths to establish a value review and supervision mechanism by expert group and promotes the interpretability of the algorithm. By establishing an internal and external supervision mechanism， only when the background, overall values and adopted rules of judicial intelligent system are understood by legal people, it can be truly served the legal system. Finally, as for the similarity case recommendation, the most tackling challenge in establishing judicial intelligent system, it analyzes the difficulties in the judgment of similarity cases. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of legal experts and the datacentric computing systems based on present artificial intelligent technology, it then points out that the manmachine cooperative cognitive system with comprehensive analysis ability will be the development tendency of the judicial intelligent system.