大型复杂结构件几何参量在线精密测量系统搭建及工程应用

Development and engineering application of on-line precision measurement system for geometric parameters of large complex structural components

摘要:

针对大型复杂结构件几何参量在线精密测量的技术难题，本文开展了基于多轴联动激光扫描和结构光三目视觉摄影的尺寸测量技术研究；通过结构方案设计、算法研究、软件开发及系统搭建，研制了针对不同测量对象的多套非接触式几何尺寸测量系统. 测试校准结果表明，激光扫描测量系统在15 m距离的测量不确定度为2.656 mm，结构光三目视觉测量系统在7 m距离的测量结果不确定度为1.552 mm，均满足大型结构件的测量范围及精度要求. 在此基础上，本文采用两种类型的测量系统同时对生产现场大型热态锻件外圆直径参数进行在线测量，重复测量误差均小于±4 mm，测量结果表现出良好的一致性.研究结果为大型结构件表面和内部几何尺寸的高精度在线测量提供了有效的技术方法和装备.

Abstract:

In order to solve the technical problem of on-line precision measurement of geometric parameters of large complex structural components, the dimensional measurement technology based on multi-axis laser scanning and structured light three-lens vision photography was studied. Through structural design, algorithm research, software development and system construction, several sets of non-contact geometric dimension measurement system for different measurement objects are developed. The test and calibration results show that the uncertainty of laser scanning measuring system at 15m distance is 2.656 mm, and the uncertainty of structural light three-vision measuring system at 7 m distance is 1.552 mm, both of which meet the measurement range and accuracy requirements of large structural components. On this basis, two kinds of measurement systems are used to measure the diameter parameters of the outer circle of large hot forging at the production site. The repeated measurement errors were less than ±4 mm, and the measurement results showed good consistency. The research results of this work provide effective technical methods and equipment for the high precision on-line measurement of surface and internal geometry of the large structural complex components.